What is Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)?
An electrocardiogram, commonly known as an ECG or EKG, is a quick, painless test that records the electrical activity of your heart. Every time your heart beats, an electrical signal travels through it, triggering the muscle contractions that pump blood throughout your body. The ECG captures these electrical signals through small electrode patches placed on your skin, creating a graph that shows your heart's rhythm and electrical patterns. This simple test provides valuable information about your heart's health and has been a cornerstone of cardiac diagnosis for decades.
Why is it Performed?
Doctors order ECGs for numerous reasons. You might need one if you're experiencing symptoms such as chest pain, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, or fatigue. An ECG can detect irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias), heart attacks (both current and previous), inadequate blood flow to the heart, structural abnormalities, and the effects of medications or implanted devices like pacemakers. Many patients receive ECGs as part of routine physical exams, pre-operative evaluations, or monitoring for chronic conditions like high blood pressure or diabetes. The test is often the first step in evaluating heart health because it's quick, inexpensive, and provides immediate results.
What to Expect
An ECG is one of the simplest medical tests you'll ever have. You'll lie down on an exam table, and a technician will attach about 10 small electrode patches to your chest, arms, and legs. The electrodes connect to wires that lead to the ECG machine. You'll need to remain still and breathe normally for about 10 seconds while the machine records your heart's electrical activity. The entire process takes less than 10 minutes from start to finish. There's no pain involved—you'll only feel the electrodes being attached and removed. Some patients with chest hair may need small areas shaved for better electrode contact.
Preparing for Your Test
ECGs require virtually no preparation. You can eat, drink, and take your medications normally. Wear comfortable clothing that allows easy access to your chest, arms, and legs. Avoid applying lotions, oils, or powders to your skin on the day of the test, as these products can prevent electrodes from adhering properly. If you're wearing a shirt that's difficult to remove, you may be asked to change into a gown. Remove any jewelry or metal objects from your upper body, as these can potentially interfere with the recording.
Understanding Your Results
Your ECG results show your heart rate and rhythm pattern. A normal ECG indicates regular heart rhythm, typically between 60-100 beats per minute at rest, with normal electrical conduction through your heart. Abnormal results might reveal arrhythmias, evidence of insufficient blood flow to heart muscle, heart enlargement, electrolyte imbalances, or damage from a heart attack. Sometimes abnormalities are minor and require no treatment, while others need immediate attention. Your cardiologist will interpret your ECG in the context of your symptoms and medical history to determine if any follow-up testing or treatment is necessary.
Have questions about Electrocardiograms? Our experienced cardiology team is here to help. Contact Advanced Cardiovascular Specialists & Primary Care at (203) 334-2100 to schedule your appointment or discuss any concerns.
